(2024) Science of the Total Environment_Strategic approach for converting fat-rich food waste into high-quality biodiesel using black soldier fly larvae for sustainable bioenergy

Kim J.Y.; Park G.; Choi Y.; Park W.-K.; Koo B.; Park K.; Tsang Y.F.; Kwon E.E.

(Elsevier B.V.) Science of the Total Environment ISSN: 489697 Vol.951 Issue. Article No.175651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175651

Food waste (FW) comprises carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water, posing technical challenges for effective treatment and valorisation. This study addresses these challenges by using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a bioconversion medium to transform FW into biodiesel (BD). BSFL predominantly consumed the carbohydrates and proteins in FW (81 wt%), while showing a lower preference for lipids (<50 wt% consumed). Notwithstanding the lower consumption of lipids in the FW than that of carbohydrates and proteins, BSFL had a high lipid content (48.3 wt%). The subsequent conversion of the lipids extracted from BSFL into BD was tested via catalytic (acid/alkali) and non-catalytic transesterification processes. The BD yield from catalytic transesterification was lower than that from non-catalytic transesterification because of the low tolerance against free fatty acids (FFAs). BD was also produced from the lipid-concentrated residual FW through non-catalytic transesterification. Although the FW residue extracts contained high amounts of FFAs (49.9 wt%), non-catalytic transesterification displayed a high BD yield (92.4 wt%; yields from catalytic transesterification: < 80.0 wt%). Moreover, blending the BD derived from the BSFL and FW residue extracts enhanced the fuel properties. The BSFL-assisted FW management efficiently reduced FW by 90 wt% while producing a high-quality BD. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. RS-2023-00272302) and an NRF grant funded by the Korean Government