(2018) Biochar from Biomass and Waste: Fundamentals and Applications_Production and formation of biochar

Lee J., Sarmah A.K., Kwon E.E.

(Elsevier) Biochar from Biomass and Waste: Fundamentals and Applications ISSN:  Vol. Issue. Article No. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811729-3.00001-7

This chapter introduces the thermochemical processes that produce biochar. It begins by discussing the raw materials of biochar and then explains and compares different thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization. By the end of this chapter, the mechanisms of biochar formation are discussed for each type of biochar production process. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.